A library for manipulating lists of values. Every value in a list must have the same type.
Determine if a list is empty.
isEmpty [] == True
Determine the length of a list.
length [1,2,3] == 3
Reverse a list.
reverse [1,2,3,4] == [4,3,2,1]
Figure out whether a list contains a value.
member 9 [1,2,3,4] == False
member 4 [1,2,3,4] == True
Extract the first element of a list.
head [1,2,3] == Just 1
head [] == Nothing
Extract the rest of the list.
tail [1,2,3] == Just [2,3]
tail [] == Nothing
Keep only elements that satisfy the predicate.
filter isEven [1,2,3,4,5,6] == [2,4,6]
Take the first n members of a list.
take 2 [1,2,3,4] == [1,2]
Drop the first n members of a list.
drop 2 [1,2,3,4] == [3,4]
Create a list with only one element:
singleton 1234 == [1234]
singleton "hi" == ["hi"]
Create a list with n copies of a value:
repeat 3 (0,0) == [(0,0),(0,0),(0,0)]
Create a list of numbers, every element increasing by one. You give the lowest and highest number that should be in the list.
range 3 6 == [3, 4, 5, 6]
range 3 3 == [3]
range 6 3 == []
Put two lists together.
append [1,1,2] [3,5,8] == [1,1,2,3,5,8]
append ['a','b'] ['c'] == ['a','b','c']
You can also use the (++)
operator to append lists.
Concatenate a bunch of lists into a single list:
concat [[1,2],[3],[4,5]] == [1,2,3,4,5]
Places the given value between all members of the given list.
intersperse "on" ["turtles","turtles","turtles"] == ["turtles","on","turtles","on","turtles"]
Partition a list based on a predicate. The first list contains all values that satisfy the predicate, and the second list contains all the value that do not.
partition (\x -> x < 3) [0,1,2,3,4,5] == ([0,1,2], [3,4,5])
partition isEven [0,1,2,3,4,5] == ([0,2,4], [1,3,5])
Decompose a list of tuples into a tuple of lists.
unzip [(0, True), (17, False), (1337, True)] == ([0,17,1337], [True,False,True])
Apply a function to every element of a list.
map sqrt [1,4,9] == [1,2,3]
map not [True,False,True] == [False,True,False]
Combine two lists, combining them with the given function. If one list is longer, the extra elements are dropped.
map2 (+) [1,2,3] [1,2,3,4] == [2,4,6]
map2 (,) [1,2,3] ['a','b'] == [ (1,'a'), (2,'b') ]
pairs : List a -> List b -> List (a,b)
pairs lefts rights =
map2 (,) lefts rights
If you can think of a legitimate use of mapN
where N
is 6 or more, please
let us know on the list.
The current sentiment is that it is already quite error prone once you get to
4 and possibly should be approached another way.
Apply a function that may succeed to all values in the list, but only keep the successes.
onlyTeens =
filterMap isTeen [3, 15, 12, 18, 24] == [15, 18]
isTeen : Int -> Maybe Int
isTeen n =
if 13 <= n && n <= 19 then
Just n
else
Nothing
Map a given function onto a list and flatten the resulting lists.
concatMap f xs == concat (map f xs)
Same as map
but the function is also applied to the index of each
element (starting at zero).
indexedMap (,) ["Tom","Sue","Bob"] == [ (0,"Tom"), (1,"Sue"), (2,"Bob") ]
Reduce a list from the right.
foldr (+) 0 [1,2,3] == 6
Reduce a list from the left.
foldl (::) [] [1,2,3] == [3,2,1]
Get the sum of the list elements.
sum [1,2,3,4] == 10
Get the product of the list elements.
product [1,2,3,4] == 24
Find the maximum element in a non-empty list.
maximum [1,4,2] == Just 4
maximum [] == Nothing
Find the minimum element in a non-empty list.
minimum [3,2,1] == Just 1
minimum [] == Nothing
Determine if all elements satisfy the predicate.
all isEven [2,4] == True
all isEven [2,3] == False
all isEven [] == True
Determine if any elements satisfy the predicate.
any isEven [2,3] == True
any isEven [1,3] == False
any isEven [] == False
Reduce a list from the left, building up all of the intermediate results into a list.
scanl (+) 0 [1,2,3,4] == [0,1,3,6,10]
Sort values from lowest to highest
sort [3,1,5] == [1,3,5]
Sort values by a derived property.
alice = { name="Alice", height=1.62 }
bob = { name="Bob" , height=1.85 }
chuck = { name="Chuck", height=1.76 }
sortBy .name [chuck,alice,bob] == [alice,bob,chuck]
sortBy .height [chuck,alice,bob] == [alice,chuck,bob]
sortBy String.length ["mouse","cat"] == ["cat","mouse"]
Sort values with a custom comparison function.
sortWith flippedComparison [1,2,3,4,5] == [5,4,3,2,1]
flippedComparison a b =
case compare a b of
LT -> GT
EQ -> EQ
GT -> LT
This is also the most general sort function, allowing you
to define any other: sort == sortWith compare
module List exposing
( isEmpty, length, reverse, member
, head, tail, filter, take, drop
, singleton, repeat, range, (::), append, concat, intersperse
, partition, unzip
, map, map2, map3, map4, map5
, filterMap, concatMap, indexedMap
, foldr, foldl
, sum, product, maximum, minimum, all, any, scanl
, sort, sortBy, sortWith
)
{-| A library for manipulating lists of values. Every value in a
list must have the same type.
# Basics
@docs isEmpty, length, reverse, member
# Sub-lists
@docs head, tail, filter, take, drop
# Putting Lists Together
@docs singleton, repeat, range, (::), append, concat, intersperse
# Taking Lists Apart
@docs partition, unzip
# Mapping
@docs map, map2, map3, map4, map5
If you can think of a legitimate use of `mapN` where `N` is 6 or more, please
let us know on [the list](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/elm-discuss).
The current sentiment is that it is already quite error prone once you get to
4 and possibly should be approached another way.
# Special Maps
@docs filterMap, concatMap, indexedMap
# Folding
@docs foldr, foldl
# Special Folds
@docs sum, product, maximum, minimum, all, any, scanl
# Sorting
@docs sort, sortBy, sortWith
-}
import Basics exposing (..)
import Maybe
import Maybe exposing ( Maybe(Just,Nothing) )
import Native.List
{-| Add an element to the front of a list. Pronounced *cons*.
1 :: [2,3] == [1,2,3]
1 :: [] == [1]
-}
(::) : a -> List a -> List a
(::) =
Native.List.cons
infixr 5 ::
{-| Extract the first element of a list.
head [1,2,3] == Just 1
head [] == Nothing
-}
head : List a -> Maybe a
head list =
case list of
x :: xs ->
Just x
[] ->
Nothing
{-| Extract the rest of the list.
tail [1,2,3] == Just [2,3]
tail [] == Nothing
-}
tail : List a -> Maybe (List a)
tail list =
case list of
x :: xs ->
Just xs
[] ->
Nothing
{-| Determine if a list is empty.
isEmpty [] == True
-}
isEmpty : List a -> Bool
isEmpty xs =
case xs of
[] ->
True
_ ->
False
{-| Figure out whether a list contains a value.
member 9 [1,2,3,4] == False
member 4 [1,2,3,4] == True
-}
member : a -> List a -> Bool
member x xs =
any (\a -> a == x) xs
{-| Apply a function to every element of a list.
map sqrt [1,4,9] == [1,2,3]
map not [True,False,True] == [False,True,False]
-}
map : (a -> b) -> List a -> List b
map f xs =
foldr (\x acc -> f x :: acc) [] xs
{-| Same as `map` but the function is also applied to the index of each
element (starting at zero).
indexedMap (,) ["Tom","Sue","Bob"] == [ (0,"Tom"), (1,"Sue"), (2,"Bob") ]
-}
indexedMap : (Int -> a -> b) -> List a -> List b
indexedMap f xs =
map2 f (range 0 (length xs - 1)) xs
{-| Reduce a list from the left.
foldl (::) [] [1,2,3] == [3,2,1]
-}
foldl : (a -> b -> b) -> b -> List a -> b
foldl func acc list =
case list of
[] ->
acc
x :: xs ->
foldl func (func x acc) xs
{-| Reduce a list from the right.
foldr (+) 0 [1,2,3] == 6
-}
foldr : (a -> b -> b) -> b -> List a -> b
foldr =
Native.List.foldr
{-| Reduce a list from the left, building up all of the intermediate results into a list.
scanl (+) 0 [1,2,3,4] == [0,1,3,6,10]
-}
scanl : (a -> b -> b) -> b -> List a -> List b
scanl f b xs =
let
scan1 x accAcc =
case accAcc of
acc :: _ ->
f x acc :: accAcc
[] ->
[] -- impossible
in
reverse (foldl scan1 [b] xs)
{-| Keep only elements that satisfy the predicate.
filter isEven [1,2,3,4,5,6] == [2,4,6]
-}
filter : (a -> Bool) -> List a -> List a
filter pred xs =
let
conditionalCons front back =
if pred front then
front :: back
else
back
in
foldr conditionalCons [] xs
{-| Apply a function that may succeed to all values in the list, but only keep
the successes.
onlyTeens =
filterMap isTeen [3, 15, 12, 18, 24] == [15, 18]
isTeen : Int -> Maybe Int
isTeen n =
if 13 <= n && n <= 19 then
Just n
else
Nothing
-}
filterMap : (a -> Maybe b) -> List a -> List b
filterMap f xs =
foldr (maybeCons f) [] xs
maybeCons : (a -> Maybe b) -> a -> List b -> List b
maybeCons f mx xs =
case f mx of
Just x ->
x :: xs
Nothing ->
xs
{-| Determine the length of a list.
length [1,2,3] == 3
-}
length : List a -> Int
length xs =
foldl (\_ i -> i + 1) 0 xs
{-| Reverse a list.
reverse [1,2,3,4] == [4,3,2,1]
-}
reverse : List a -> List a
reverse list =
foldl (::) [] list
{-| Determine if all elements satisfy the predicate.
all isEven [2,4] == True
all isEven [2,3] == False
all isEven [] == True
-}
all : (a -> Bool) -> List a -> Bool
all isOkay list =
not (any (not << isOkay) list)
{-| Determine if any elements satisfy the predicate.
any isEven [2,3] == True
any isEven [1,3] == False
any isEven [] == False
-}
any : (a -> Bool) -> List a -> Bool
any isOkay list =
case list of
[] ->
False
x :: xs ->
-- note: (isOkay x || any isOkay xs) would not get TCO
if isOkay x then
True
else
any isOkay xs
{-| Put two lists together.
append [1,1,2] [3,5,8] == [1,1,2,3,5,8]
append ['a','b'] ['c'] == ['a','b','c']
You can also use [the `(++)` operator](Basics#++) to append lists.
-}
append : List a -> List a -> List a
append xs ys =
case ys of
[] ->
xs
_ ->
foldr (::) ys xs
{-| Concatenate a bunch of lists into a single list:
concat [[1,2],[3],[4,5]] == [1,2,3,4,5]
-}
concat : List (List a) -> List a
concat lists =
foldr append [] lists
{-| Map a given function onto a list and flatten the resulting lists.
concatMap f xs == concat (map f xs)
-}
concatMap : (a -> List b) -> List a -> List b
concatMap f list =
concat (map f list)
{-| Get the sum of the list elements.
sum [1,2,3,4] == 10
-}
sum : List number -> number
sum numbers =
foldl (+) 0 numbers
{-| Get the product of the list elements.
product [1,2,3,4] == 24
-}
product : List number -> number
product numbers =
foldl (*) 1 numbers
{-| Find the maximum element in a non-empty list.
maximum [1,4,2] == Just 4
maximum [] == Nothing
-}
maximum : List comparable -> Maybe comparable
maximum list =
case list of
x :: xs ->
Just (foldl max x xs)
_ ->
Nothing
{-| Find the minimum element in a non-empty list.
minimum [3,2,1] == Just 1
minimum [] == Nothing
-}
minimum : List comparable -> Maybe comparable
minimum list =
case list of
x :: xs ->
Just (foldl min x xs)
_ ->
Nothing
{-| Partition a list based on a predicate. The first list contains all values
that satisfy the predicate, and the second list contains all the value that do
not.
partition (\x -> x < 3) [0,1,2,3,4,5] == ([0,1,2], [3,4,5])
partition isEven [0,1,2,3,4,5] == ([0,2,4], [1,3,5])
-}
partition : (a -> Bool) -> List a -> (List a, List a)
partition pred list =
let
step x (trues, falses) =
if pred x then
(x :: trues, falses)
else
(trues, x :: falses)
in
foldr step ([],[]) list
{-| Combine two lists, combining them with the given function.
If one list is longer, the extra elements are dropped.
map2 (+) [1,2,3] [1,2,3,4] == [2,4,6]
map2 (,) [1,2,3] ['a','b'] == [ (1,'a'), (2,'b') ]
pairs : List a -> List b -> List (a,b)
pairs lefts rights =
map2 (,) lefts rights
-}
map2 : (a -> b -> result) -> List a -> List b -> List result
map2 =
Native.List.map2
{-|-}
map3 : (a -> b -> c -> result) -> List a -> List b -> List c -> List result
map3 =
Native.List.map3
{-|-}
map4 : (a -> b -> c -> d -> result) -> List a -> List b -> List c -> List d -> List result
map4 =
Native.List.map4
{-|-}
map5 : (a -> b -> c -> d -> e -> result) -> List a -> List b -> List c -> List d -> List e -> List result
map5 =
Native.List.map5
{-| Decompose a list of tuples into a tuple of lists.
unzip [(0, True), (17, False), (1337, True)] == ([0,17,1337], [True,False,True])
-}
unzip : List (a,b) -> (List a, List b)
unzip pairs =
let
step (x,y) (xs,ys) =
(x :: xs, y :: ys)
in
foldr step ([], []) pairs
{-| Places the given value between all members of the given list.
intersperse "on" ["turtles","turtles","turtles"] == ["turtles","on","turtles","on","turtles"]
-}
intersperse : a -> List a -> List a
intersperse sep xs =
case xs of
[] ->
[]
hd :: tl ->
let
step x rest =
sep :: x :: rest
spersed =
foldr step [] tl
in
hd :: spersed
{-| Take the first *n* members of a list.
take 2 [1,2,3,4] == [1,2]
-}
take : Int -> List a -> List a
take n list =
takeFast 0 n list
takeFast : Int -> Int -> List a -> List a
takeFast ctr n list =
if n <= 0 then
[]
else
case ( n, list ) of
( _, [] ) ->
list
( 1, x :: _ ) ->
[ x ]
( 2, x :: y :: _ ) ->
[ x, y ]
( 3, x :: y :: z :: _ ) ->
[ x, y, z ]
( _, x :: y :: z :: w :: tl ) ->
if ctr > 1000 then
x :: y :: z :: w :: takeTailRec (n - 4) tl
else
x :: y :: z :: w :: takeFast (ctr + 1) (n - 4) tl
_ ->
list
takeTailRec : Int -> List a -> List a
takeTailRec n list =
reverse (takeReverse n list [])
takeReverse : Int -> List a -> List a -> List a
takeReverse n list taken =
if n <= 0 then
taken
else
case list of
[] ->
taken
x :: xs ->
takeReverse (n - 1) xs (x :: taken)
{-| Drop the first *n* members of a list.
drop 2 [1,2,3,4] == [3,4]
-}
drop : Int -> List a -> List a
drop n list =
if n <= 0 then
list
else
case list of
[] ->
list
x :: xs ->
drop (n-1) xs
{-| Create a list with only one element:
singleton 1234 == [1234]
singleton "hi" == ["hi"]
-}
singleton : a -> List a
singleton value =
[value]
{-| Create a list with *n* copies of a value:
repeat 3 (0,0) == [(0,0),(0,0),(0,0)]
-}
repeat : Int -> a -> List a
repeat n value =
repeatHelp [] n value
repeatHelp : List a -> Int -> a -> List a
repeatHelp result n value =
if n <= 0 then
result
else
repeatHelp (value :: result) (n-1) value
{-| Create a list of numbers, every element increasing by one.
You give the lowest and highest number that should be in the list.
range 3 6 == [3, 4, 5, 6]
range 3 3 == [3]
range 6 3 == []
-}
range : Int -> Int -> List Int
range lo hi =
rangeHelp lo hi []
rangeHelp : Int -> Int -> List Int -> List Int
rangeHelp lo hi list =
if lo <= hi then
rangeHelp lo (hi - 1) (hi :: list)
else
list
{-| Sort values from lowest to highest
sort [3,1,5] == [1,3,5]
-}
sort : List comparable -> List comparable
sort xs =
sortBy identity xs
{-| Sort values by a derived property.
alice = { name="Alice", height=1.62 }
bob = { name="Bob" , height=1.85 }
chuck = { name="Chuck", height=1.76 }
sortBy .name [chuck,alice,bob] == [alice,bob,chuck]
sortBy .height [chuck,alice,bob] == [alice,chuck,bob]
sortBy String.length ["mouse","cat"] == ["cat","mouse"]
-}
sortBy : (a -> comparable) -> List a -> List a
sortBy =
Native.List.sortBy
{-| Sort values with a custom comparison function.
sortWith flippedComparison [1,2,3,4,5] == [5,4,3,2,1]
flippedComparison a b =
case compare a b of
LT -> GT
EQ -> EQ
GT -> LT
This is also the most general sort function, allowing you
to define any other: `sort == sortWith compare`
-}
sortWith : (a -> a -> Order) -> List a -> List a
sortWith =
Native.List.sortWith